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The Panchen Lama ( THL ''Penchen Lama''), or Panchen Erdeni (, THL ''Penchen Erténi''), is the highest ranking lama after the Dalai Lama in the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, the lineage which controlled western Tibet from the 16th century until the Battle of Chamdo and the subsequent 1959 Tibetan uprising. There are two candidates for the present (11th) incarnation of the Panchen Lama: one, Gedhun Choekyi Nyima was recognized by the 14th Dalai Lama on 14 May 1995; the alternative, Gyaincain Norbu, was selected by the Government of the People's Republic of China. Gedhun Choekyi Nyima vanished from the public eye shortly after being named at aged six. It has been claimed that Gedhun had been taken into protective custody from those that would spirit him into exile and is now held in captivity against the wishes of the Tibetan people, whereas the Chinese government states that he is living a "normal" private life. Tibetans and human rights groups continue to campaign for his release. == History == The successive Panchen Lamas form a ''tulku'' reincarnation lineage which are said to be the incarnations of Amitābha. The title, meaning "Great Scholar", is a Tibetan contraction of the Sanskrit ''paṇḍita'' (scholar) and the Tibetan ''chenpo'' (great). The Panchen Lama traditionally lived in Tashilhunpo Monastery in Shigatse. From the name of this monastery, the Europeans referred to the Panchen Lama as the ''Tashi-Lama'' (or spelled ''Tesho-Lama'' or ''Teshu-Lama'').〔(Fort William-India House correspondence ): In the index, “Tashi Lama. ''See'' Teshu Lama”. and “Teshu Lama (Teshi Lama, Tesho Lama)”.〕 〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Oxford English Dictionary Online )〕 The recognition of Panchen Lamas has always been a matter involving the Dalai Lama.〔:et :Ya Hanzhang, Biographies of the Tibetan Spiritual Leaders Panchen Erdenis. Beijing: Foreign Language Press, 1987. pg 350.〕〔(When the sky fell to earth ) 〕 Choekyi Gyaltsen, 10th Panchen Lama, himself declared, as cited by an official Chinese review that "according to Tibetan tradition, the confirmation of either the Dalai or Panchen must be mutually recognized."〔Panchen-lama. 1988. "On Tibetan Independence." China Reconstructs (now named China Today) (January): Vol. 37, No. 1. pp 8–15.〕 The involvement of China in this affair is seen by some as a political ploy to try to gain control over the recognition of the next Dalai Lama (see below), and to strengthen their hold over the future of Tibet and its governance. China claims however, that their involvement does not break with tradition in that the final decision about the recognition of both the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama traditionally rested in the hands of the Chinese emperor. For instance, after 1792, the Golden Urn was thought to have been used in selecting the 10th, 11th and 12th Dalai Lamas;〔Goldstein 1989〕 but the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, has more recently claimed that this was only really used in selection of the 11th, and that in the other cases it was only used to humour the Chinese to confirm a selection that had already been made by traditional methods.〔(Reincarnation - statement by his holiness the Dalai Lama )〕 A controversy existed between the Tibetan government and supporters of Choekyi Gyaltsen. Ma Bufang patronized Choekyi Gyaltsen and the non-Gelug schools against the Dalai Lama. Qinghai served as a "sanctuary" for these groups, Ma Bufang allowed Kumbum Monastery to be totally self-governed by the Panchen Lama. The 10th Panchen Lama, who was exiled from Tibet by the Dalai Lama's government, wanted to seek revenge by leading an army against Tibet in September 1949. He asked for help from Ma Bufang. Ma cooperated with the Panchen Lama against the Dalai Lama's regime in Tibet. The Panchen Lama stayed in Qinghai. Ma tried to persuade the Panchen Lama to come with the Kuomintang government to Taiwan when the Communist victory approached, but the Panchen Lama decided to defect to the Communists instead. The Panchen Lama, unlike the Dalai Lama, sought to exert control in decision making. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Panchen Lama」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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